Which dentists ChatGPT and Gemini name, city by city

How we measured

Every city got the same kinds of questions a patient would ask, written once for the city, in English or in its own language: open requests for a recommendation, requests for a list, who can be trusted, an urgent toothache, a tight budget, implants, a check-up. Each question went to ChatGPT and to Gemini; 12 of the 18 were asked twice, once with the model's web search switched off and once with it on. A question that itself named a clinic (“is X any good?”) is left out, because the answer to it would name that clinic by force.

In every answer we checked which of the tracked clinics it mentioned. The tracked clinics of a city are the ones we picked to measure there and the clinics they compete with for the same patients. The models also named many others on their own; city pages list the most frequent of them.

The full method, scoring and its limits: Methodology.